Section 8 Eligibility: Income Limits, Requirements, and How to Qualify

When you're struggling to pay rent, Section 8, a federal housing assistance program that helps low-income families pay for rent. Also known as the Housing Choice Voucher Program, it's one of the most reliable ways to find affordable housing in the U.S. But it’s not just about being poor—you have to meet strict rules on income, family size, and citizenship. And those rules change every year, depending on where you live.

Section 8 eligibility isn’t the same everywhere. In Virginia, for example, your household income can’t exceed 50% of the area’s median income—sometimes even lower. A family of four in Richmond might qualify if they make under $52,000 a year, but in Northern Virginia, that limit jumps to over $70,000. The government adjusts these numbers based on local costs, so living in a city like New York or San Francisco gives you a higher threshold than a rural town. What counts as income? Wages, Social Security, child support, even unemployment benefits. But some things, like SNAP benefits or tax refunds, don’t count. You also need to be a U.S. citizen or have eligible immigration status. Background checks matter too—serious criminal records can disqualify you, even if your income is low.

There’s a big gap between being eligible and actually getting help. Most waiting lists are years long. Some cities close them entirely because demand is so high. That’s why it’s critical to apply early, even if you think you might not qualify yet. If you’re just under the limit, consider saving a little more or reducing your household size—sometimes a small change opens the door. And don’t assume you’re out of luck if you’re slightly over the income cap. Some programs have phased-out options or emergency exceptions for people facing eviction or domestic violence.

Section 8 doesn’t just help you pay rent—it gives you freedom. You can choose where to live, as long as the landlord accepts vouchers. That means you’re not stuck in one neighborhood. You can pick a safer school district, a better commute, or a quieter street. But landlords aren’t forced to take vouchers, so finding a place can be tough. You’ll need to be persistent, know your rights, and document everything.

Below, you’ll find real examples from across the country—what income limits look like in Virginia, how rental rules in Baltimore affect families, and why some states make housing assistance easier than others. These aren’t theoretical guides. They’re based on actual cases, laws, and people who’ve been through it. Whether you’re just starting to look or you’ve been on a waiting list for months, this collection gives you the facts you need to move forward.